The creation, performance, significance, and even the definition of music vary according to culture and social context. However, 20th-century composer John Cage thought that any sound can be music, saying, for example, "There is no noise, only sound." Common sayings such as "the harmony of the spheres" and "it is music to my ears" point to the notion that music is often ordered and pleasant to listen to. Ancient Greek and Indian philosophers defined music in two parts: melodies, as tones ordered horizontally, and harmonies as tones ordered vertically. In its most general form, the activities describing music as an art form or cultural activity include the creation of works of music ( songs, tunes, symphonies, and so on), the criticism of music, the study of the history of music, and the aesthetic examination of music. The word derives from Greek μουσική ( mousiké "(art) of the Muses"). Music is performed with a vast range of instruments and vocal techniques ranging from singing to rapping there are solely instrumental pieces, solely vocal pieces (such as songs without instrumental accompaniment) and pieces that combine singing and instruments. Different styles or types of music may emphasize, de-emphasize or omit some of these elements. General definitions of music include common elements such as pitch (which governs melody and harmony), rhythm (and its associated concepts tempo, meter, and articulation), dynamics (loudness and softness), and the sonic qualities of timbre and texture (which are sometimes termed the "color" of a musical sound). It is one of the universal cultural aspects of all human societies. Music is the art of arranging sounds in time through the elements of melody, harmony, rhythm, and timbre.
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